Seasonally shifting limitation of stream periphyton: response of algal populations and assemblage biomass and productivity to variation in light, nutrients, and herbivores

نویسندگان

  • Amy D. Rosemond
  • Patrick J. Mulholland
  • Susan H. Brawley
چکیده

We determined whether there were seasonal changes in the relative importance of consumers and resources in controlling stream periphyton. Our analysis included effects on algal populations and assemblage biomass and productivity. We used factorial experiments in which we manipulated snail densities, irradiance, and streamwater nutrient concentrations during two seasons, fall and spring, and compared responses with previously published summer findings. Periphyton biomass and productivity were much greater when snails were removed and nutrients and light were elevated during all seasons, indicating that all three factors were limiting or nearly limiting throughout the year. However, the relative importance of factors shifted seasonally. Irradiance limited periphyton biomass in summer and fall but not spring. In contrast, nutrients were more limiting in seasons in which light levels were higher: nutrient addition generally resulted in effects of greater magnitude in fall and spring than in summer. Snail growth was stimulated by enhanced irradiance in summer (p = 0.06) and by nutrient addition in fall, indicating resource limitation of both periphyton and snails. However, top-down control of periphyton by snails was also important: snails maintained low biomass assemblages dominated by only a few grazer-resistant species (e.g, basal cells of Stigeoclonium tenue, Chamaesiphon investiens) during all seasons. Résumé : Nous avons examiné les variations saisonnières de l’importance relative des consommateurs et des ressources limitant le périphyton des cours d’eau. Notre analyse a traité des effets sur les populations d’algues et la biomasse et la productivité des communautés. Nous avons utilisé des plans d’expérience factoriels avec lesquels nous avons modifié la densité des escargots, l’éclairement et les concentrations de matières nutritives dans l’eau pendant deux saisons, l’automne et le printemps, et ensuite comparé les réactions à des résultats déjà publiés obtenus en été. La biomasse et la productivité du périphyton étaient de beaucoup supérieures en l’absence d’escargots et en présence de beaucoup de matières nutritives et de lumière cela pendant toutes les saisons, ce qui montre que ces trois facteurs étaient des facteurs limitants ou presque limitants pendant toute l’année. Par ailleurs, l’importance relative des facteurs se modifiait au cours des saisons. L’éclairement limitait la biomasse du périphyton en été et en automne mais non au printemps. Au contraire, les matières nutritives avaient un effet plus limitant au cours des saisons où l’éclairement était plus important : l’ajout de matières nutritives donnait généralement lieu à des effets de plus grande ampleur à l’automne et au printemps, comparativement à l’été. La croissance des escargots était stimulée par un plus important éclairement en été (p = 0.06) et par l’ajout de matières nutritives en automne, ce qui montre une limitation des ressources du périphyton et des escargots. Par ailleurs, la réduction verticale du périphyton par les escargots était aussi importante : les escargots maintenaient des communautés de faibles biomasses dominées par quelques espèces résistantes au broutage (p. ex. cellules basales de Stigeoclonium tenue, Chamaesiphon investiens) pendant toutes les saisons. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Rosemond et al. 75

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تاریخ انتشار 2000